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NephropathyNephropathy refers to damage to or disease of the kidney. One cause of nephropathy is the long term usage of analgesics. The pain medicines which can cause kidney problems include aspirin, acetaminophen, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. |
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Thatching, North Devon, England, Oxfordshire, England Thatching is the art or craft of covering a roof with vegetative materials such as straw, reed (plant)|reed or sedge. Thatch is one of the oldest roofing materials and has been used by traditional builders on every continent except Antarctica. It offers excellent insulation value (generally R40) at little or no cost for materials and is relatively easy to repair. Thatch has fallen out of favor in much of the industrialized world due to its relative flammability and the lack of skilled thatchers. New flame retardants make thatch more competitive with modern materials but insurance companies and municipal building inspectors often discourage its use. England, which is currently undergoing a revival in thatching, has at least 30,000 thatched buildings and is widely regarded as having some of the best examples of the art.A roof thatched with water reed (a more durable and water-resistant material than straw) will last approximately 70 years with very little maintenance. When a t! hatch roof is in need of repair a new layer is often placed over the old. On old buildings up to four feet of thatch can accumulate. |
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| Construction Renewal 2005.11.03
Drywall / Dry-stone wall / Concrete / Gabion / Platform framing / Balloon frame / Reinforced concrete box / Repointing / Solar design / Brickwork / Brick nog / Land rehabilitation / B!
arn raising / Rebar / Cob (building) / Hydraulic lime / Computer-aided design / Arc welding / Civil engineering / Construction delay
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CleanskinWithin the vernacular of counter-terrorism agents and police officers, a cleanskin is an undercover operative whose identity is not known to the forces he or she is tasked to infiltrate. This is usually because such an agent has not conducted any prior undercover activity.The phrase entered wide currency with a slightly different meaning in the United Kingdom following the London bombings of 7 July 2005. The four bombers involved in those bombings were reported in the press to be "cleanskins", according to police sources, meaning that their profiles did not fit the expected profile of bombers. The word cleanskin originally comes from Australia, and refers to an unbranded cattle. The earliest references being around the 1860s. The word then evolved to mean a person whom has had no conviction recorded against them, a person who was 'clean'. Terrorist organizations, smugglers, and others performing secretive activities prefer to subvert cleanskins as there is less chance that ! they will arise suspicion. For example, a person with previous convictions for importing drugs is more likely to be detained than a person never convicted. |
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| Konwledge of Wine Renewal 2005.11.02
Mulled wine / Cercle des Amateurs de Vin / Master of Wine / Amphora / Farm winery / Heidelberg Tun / Varietal / Moscatel / Cellar door / KWV / Oz Clarke / Zweiglt / Sideways / Vintage!
/ Angel's share / Mondovino / Dom Perignon (person) / Sommelier / Pomace wine / Lachryma Christi
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MedicineMedicine is a branch of health science concerned with maintaining human health and restoring it by treating disease and injury; it is both an ''area of knowledge'', a science of body organ system|systems and diseases and their treatment, and the ''applied practice'' of that knowledge. The practice of medical care is divided between the ''medical profession''?physicians or doctors?and other groups of professionals, such as nurses or pharmacists (sometimes called allied health professions). Historically, only members of the medical profession proper have been considered to actually ''practice medicine'' in the strictest sense, in contrast to the allied fields of health care professionals. The medical profession is the social and occupational structure of the group of people formally trained and authorized to apply medical knowledge. Many country|countries and legal jurisdictions have law|legal limitations on who may practice medicine or the allied medical fields. Medicine is ! typically seen as composed of various specialized sub-branches, such as pediatrics, gynecology, neurology, dealing with particular body systems, diseases, or areas of health. Systems of medical and healthcare practices have existed among human societies since at least the dawn of recorded history. These systems have developed in various ways in different cultures and regions. Medicine as understood in the modern period has historically been considered to be the mainstream tradition which developed in the Western world since the early modern age. Many other traditions of medicine and healthcare are still widely practiced throughout the world, most of which are still considered to be separate and distinct from Western medicine, also called biomedicine or the Hippocrates|Hippocratic tradition. The most highly developed systems of medicine outside the Western system are the Ayurvedic medicine|Ayurvedic tradition of India and traditional Chinese medicine. Various non-mainstream! traditions of health care have also developed in the Western ! world di stinct from mainstream medicine. The various other systems practiced among various cultures are sometimes practiced alongside or in cooperation with Western medicine, while sometimes being seen as competing traditions.Veterinary medicine is the practice of health care specialized for other animal species. |
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| Konwledge of Wine Renewal 2005.10.29 |
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Chinese_wine''Jiu'' () is the Chinese language|Chinese word that refers to all alcoholic beverages. This word has often been translated into English language|English as "wine", although the meanings do not correspond exactly. The same Han character is also used in Japanese, where it is pronounced ''sake''.Many Chinese "wines" are made from grains and herbs and distilled to high concentration. Traditional Chinese wines are rarely made of fruits. Chinese wines from southern China are mostly made of rice; those from northern China are mostly made of wheat and sorghum and are called Baijiu, which means white liquor. Most are clear, colourless liquids unless herbs are added to give a different colour. Additionally, grape wine is increasingly produced and consumed in China due to Western influence.Chinese "wines" are made from materials, and by processes, similar to those of Vodka; even the color and feeling is similar. Thus, some foreigners call Chinese "wine" Chinese white vodka.Names of ! some famous Chinese liquors or wines:* Fen jiu (汾酒) — this wine was dated back to Northern and Southern Dynasties (550 A.D.). It is the original Chinese white wine made from sorghum. Alcohol content by volume: 63-65%.* Zhuye qingjiu (竹葉青酒) — this wine is Fen jiu brewed with a dozen or more of selected Herbology|Chinese herbal medicine. One of the ingredients is bamboo leaves which gives the wine a greenish color and its name. Alcohol content by volume: 46%.* Maotai jiu (Maotai) (茅台酒) — this liquor has a production history of over 200 years. It is named after its origin at Mao Tai town in Guizhou Province. It is made from wheat and sorghum with a unique distilling process that involves seven iterations of the brewing cycle. This liquor became known to the world after winning a gold medal at the 1915 Panama-Pacific_Exposition in San Francisco, California|San Francisco. Also, Mao Zedong serve! d maotai at state dinners during Richard Nixon's state visit t! o China. Alcohol content by volume: 54–55%.* Gaoliang jiu (高粱酒) — Gaoliang is the Chinese name for sorghum. Besides sorghum, the brewing process also use barley, wheat etc. The wine was originated from Dazhigu (大直沽, east of Tianjin) since the Ming Dynasty. Nowadays, Taiwan is a large producer of gaoliang jiu. Alcohol content by volume: 61–63%.* Meigui lujiu (玫瑰露酒 rose essence wine) — a variety of gao liang jiu with distill from a special species of rose and crystal sugar. Alcohol content by volume: 54–55%.* Wujia Pijiu (五加皮酒) — a variety of gaoliang jiu with a unique selection of Chinese herbal medicine added to the brew. Alcohol content by volume: 54–55%.* Dagu jiu (大麴酒) — Originates from Sichuan with 300 years of history. This wine is made of sorghum and wheat by fermenting in a unique process for a long perio! d in the cellar. Alcohol content by volume: 52%.* Yuk Bing Siu Zau (玉冰燒酒 pinyin Yubing shaojiu, less commonly known as 肉醪燒) — a Cantonese rice wine with over 100 years of history. It is made of steamed rice. It is stored a long period with submerged pork fat after distillation. The pork fat is removed before bottling. Its name probably derived from the brewing process. ''Yuk'' is a homophone of meat in Cantonese and ''bing'' means ice which describes the appearance of the pork fat floating in the wine. Cantonese rice wine breweries prospered since the North Sung dynasty when the Foshan area was exempted from alcohol tax. Alcohol content by volume: 30%.* Shuang Jing (雙蒸酒 double distill) and San Jing (三蒸酒 triple distill) Jiu — two varieties of rice wine from the Jiujiang area by distilling twice and three times respectively. Alcohol content by volume: 32% and 38–3! 9% respectively.* Sanhua (三花酒 three flowe! rs) jiu — a rice wine made in Guilin with allegedly over a thousand year history. It is famous for the fragrant herbal addition and the use of spring water from Mount Elephant in the region. Alcohol content by volume: 55–57%.* Fujian Glutinous Rice wine (福建糯米酒) — made by adding a long list of expensive Chinese herbal medicine to glutinous rice and a low alcohol rice wine distill. The unique brewing technique use another wine as raw material, not starting with water. The wine has an orange red color. Alcohol content by volume: 18%.* Huadiao jiu (花雕酒) — a variety of yellow wine that originates from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. It is made of glutinous rice and wheat. Alcohol content by volume: 16%. Huadiao literally means flowery carving. The name describes the appearance of the pottery that stored the wine. This wine evolved from the Shaoxing tradition of burying the wine underground when a daughter was bo! rn. The wine (女兒紅 pinyin nǚ'ér hóng) would be dug up for the wedding banquet when the daughter got married. The containers would then be decorated with bright colors as a wedding gift. To make the gift more appealing, people started to use pottery with carving and patterns and hence the name ''Huadiao''. Depending on the timing of the girl's marriage, the wine was usually aged for years. Huadiao jiu, nǚ'ér hóng, or Shaoxing jiu are basically made of the same wine except they are named differently depending on the age, the container and how they are used. It is not uncommon to have Huadiao aged 50 years or more. |
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| Alcoholic beverages Renewal 2005.10.28
Chicha / Wine / Alcopop / Cachaça / Shochu / Balche' / Kefir / Corn liquor / Chouchen / Soju / Ginger beer / Pisco / Beerenburg / Beer / Palm wine / Punsch / Wine cooler / Drambuie / Mezcal / Jagertee
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PassbookA passbook, in finance, is a paper book used to record bank transactions on a savings account. It is also known as bankbook in American English. A similar document was in use in the Soviet Union and is still in use in Russia, and is oftern translated as "savings-bank book", see ''Sberkassa''. |
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Auto_insuranceAuto insurance (or car insurance, motor insurance) is insurance consumers can purchase for automobile|cars, trucks, and other vehicles. Its primary use is to provide protection against losses incurred as a result of car accidents. |
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